{"id":3104,"date":"2010-02-04T10:30:52","date_gmt":"2010-02-04T14:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacingatlantic.ca\/?p=3104"},"modified":"2013-01-21T04:59:17","modified_gmt":"2013-01-21T08:59:17","slug":"representing-halifax-2-against-the-grain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2010\/02\/04\/representing-halifax-2-against-the-grain\/","title":{"rendered":"[Re]Presenting Halifax #2: Against the Grain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax\" src=\"http:\/\/farm3.static.flickr.com\/2697\/4329253662_0744859781_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/network\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/feature-representing-hfx-60.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"72\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>This is the second installment in a series that revisits historical and contemporary maps, diagrams and other interpretive readings of the Halifax region.\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">See my <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2010\/01\/28\/representing-halifax-exploring-the-potential-of-the-city-through-mapping\/\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">first post<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> for the full aims of this project and more information about contributing to the series<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>HALIFAX<\/strong> &#8211; This map is a representation of the waterfront area, city centre, and suburbs of Halifax in 1835. Despite the passing of nearly 90 years since its founding, the original layout of the city remained intact in 1835. The only noticeable expansion is evident in the suburban growth in the north and south (<a title=\"Schmidtville\" href=\"http:\/\/wikimapia.org\/8553361\/Schmidtville\">Schmidtville<\/a>), while paths to the west identify patterns for future expansion.<\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/ottawa\/uploads\/atlantic\/line-grey-1pixel-600wide2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"1\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/farm5.static.flickr.com\/4066\/4327442077_b7bd309ed1_o.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border: 0px initial initial;\" title=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax\" src=\"http:\/\/farm5.static.flickr.com\/4066\/4327442077_b7bd309ed1_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"387\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The inclusion of plot size is one of the most distinguishing and legible features of this map. Within the original city centre, blocks are narrow, with the long edge running parallel to the water. The blocks follow a strong grid pattern, each being approximately 320 feet in length and 120 feet in width (98m x 37m), with 55-foot (17m) wide streets in between. Each block is then subdivided into 16 equal plots. The result is a <em>fine grain<\/em> and diverse urban fabric, as each plot is a mere 40 feet wide. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The larger plot sizes north of the city centre clearly illustrate the area\u2019s suburban qualities (although exceptions can be found near the naval dockyard and along Gottingen street, close to military exercise grounds where soldiers and workers lived).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/farm4.static.flickr.com\/3077\/2669634185_0bf70854fb_b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignnone\" title=\"Barrington Street\" src=\"http:\/\/farm4.static.flickr.com\/3077\/2669634185_0bf70854fb_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"553\" height=\"417\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>So what does this mean for Halifax today? This plot configuration yielded high densities for Halifax, and was certainly not an obstacle for the future <em>modernization<\/em> of the city. But, like many other cities, parts of Halifax still bear the scars of various phases of urban renewal. Today, many of these same pieces are once again being considered for renewal and\u00a0renovation. Should the city evolve within its current structure or tear down and start again?<\/p>\n<p>Looking to a piece of the city centre highly altered from its original form (see images below), the changes to the street are significant \u2013 from a close-knit fabric still evident in 1957 to a loose weave at best (1997). There is little doubt that this area of the city has unraveled to a point where it is no longer a coherent or legible piece of the city. It is also a piece of the city ripe for redevelopment (most notably, the Cogswell Interchange site) and demands reorganization.\u00a0The images that follow are based on analysis presented in Beverly Sandalack and Andrei Nicolai\u2019s <em><a href=\"http:\/\/tunspress.architectureandplanning.dal.ca\/books\/urbanstr_book.shtml\">Urban Structure \u2013 Halifax. An Urban Design Approach<\/a><\/em> (1998, TUNS Press), one of the few published morphological studies of Halifax.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/farm3.static.flickr.com\/2725\/4327442087_97f5a84375_b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax\" src=\"http:\/\/farm3.static.flickr.com\/2725\/4327442087_97f5a84375_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"554\" height=\"614\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The condition of this\u00a0particular\u00a0area is most devastating to the pedestrian. By enlarging the grain of the city, porosity has been reduced \u2013 choice for the user, as she or he navigates between places, has been reduced. Reciprocity of lines and paths has moved toward singularity. The complexity and overlap inherent to all things urban is simplified and, therefore, less capable of adapting to the changes occurring around it.<\/p>\n<p>The last image (below) is made up of three layers \u2013 an aerial view of the city today, the plot structure of 1957 (white lines), and building coverage and commercial distribution from 1997 (back lines and dotes; dated, but still accurate). Whereas services were well-distributed throughout the fabric in 1957, commercial activity has been clustered in larger buildings, often around internal \u2013 private \u2013 streets.\u00a0But despite its current state, this areas remain a critical threshold between the city centre and the north (sub)urban areas.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/farm5.static.flickr.com\/4064\/4327442093_22c1db9dc7_o.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax\" src=\"http:\/\/farm5.static.flickr.com\/4064\/4327442093_22c1db9dc7_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"464\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>With these maps and diagrams, (at least) three elements that define the quality of (life in) the city are presented: the landscape, the building (defined by plot), and the resulting grain of the urban tissue or fabric. While neither the original grid nor current configuration is connected to the regional topography, the small plot size effectively forged a new, and highly legible topography that\u00a0mimicked the ground below. The same cannot be said for the superblocks that house <a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2009\/12\/03\/from-the-vaults-scotia-square\/\">Scotia Square<\/a> or the Metro Centre. Considering these elements of urbanity \u2013\u00a0building, plot, landscape \u2013 are current redevelopment projects being designed with context in mind? What do they produce as building? As fabric? As landscape? What do they <em>re<\/em>produce and does this reproduction strengthen or weaken existing conditions?<\/p>\n<p>With the impending construction of a <a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2009\/11\/18\/save-the-view\/\">new convention centre<\/a> and the eventual redevelopment of the <a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2009\/11\/27\/where-are-halifaxs-worst-intersections\/\">Cogswell Interchange<\/a>, it is necessary to revisit the history of these sites to uncover challenges and potential, and to envision alternatives to what is proposed that move beyond a new development vs. protecting heritage debate; reality is much more complex and heritage is too subjective. Instead, it is better to try and imagine a city that is neither stuck in the past nor chasing the future \u2013\u00a0how can we make the city come alive for its inhabitants today, so we are not left stumbling through either a museum or theme park?<\/p>\n<p>More than buildings, heritage can be represented in the qualities of the city and, in this case, through the historic parcelization\u00a0of the city. And it is this high level of density, achieved through the configuration of plot structure, that demonstrates the true strength of heritage in Halifax. The city\u2019s heritage unveils a high-density approach to city building that moves beyond the superblock or tower. By viewing density outside of the confines of the box (building), and looking to the plot and landscape, urban density can be better defined as a high degree of variation \u2013 density as diversity in culture and lifestyle. But rather than trying to rediscover this heritage through the principles of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Urbanism\">New Urbanism<\/a> or the policy of form-based codes, how can we use the heritage of this place to design a city that only gets better with age?<\/p>\n<p><em>photo by <a href=\"http:\/\/farm4.static.flickr.com\/3077\/2669634185_0bf70854fb_b.jpg\">Shawn Micallef<\/a> from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/groups\/spacingatlantic\/\">Spacing Atlantic Flickr pool<\/a>; diagrams based on analysis published in <\/em><em><a href=\"http:\/\/tunspress.architectureandplanning.dal.ca\/books\/urbanstr_book.shtml\">Urban Structure &#8211; Halifax. An Urban Design Approach<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the second installment in a series that revisits historical and contemporary maps, diagrams and other interpretive readings of the Halifax region.\u00a0 See my first post for the full aims of this project and more information about contributing to the series. HALIFAX &#8211; This map is a representation of the waterfront area, city centre,<a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2010\/02\/04\/representing-halifax-2-against-the-grain\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;[Re]Presenting Halifax #2: Against the Grain&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8057,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5864,5866,341],"tags":[412,1794,821,347,340,351,1053,1795,1126,774,1100,1796],"class_list":["post-3104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-features","category-green-space","category-urban-design","tag-representing-halifax","tag-andrei-nicolai","tag-cogswell-interchange","tag-development","tag-environment","tag-halifax","tag-metro-centre","tag-schmidtville","tag-scotia-square","tag-shawn-micallef","tag-the-heritage","tag-tuns-press"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>[Re]Presenting Halifax #2: Against the Grain - Spacing Atlantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/atlantic\/2010\/02\/04\/representing-halifax-2-against-the-grain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[Re]Presenting Halifax #2: Against the Grain - Spacing Atlantic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is the second installment in a series that revisits historical and contemporary maps, diagrams and other interpretive readings of the Halifax region.\u00a0 See my first post for the full aims of this project and more information about contributing to the series. 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