{"id":7597,"date":"2010-07-19T13:25:36","date_gmt":"2010-07-19T18:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacingmontreal.ca\/?p=7597"},"modified":"2013-01-21T11:21:47","modified_gmt":"2013-01-21T16:21:47","slug":"larcheologue-urbain-la-pointe-a-calliere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/montreal\/2010\/07\/19\/larcheologue-urbain-la-pointe-a-calliere\/","title":{"rendered":"L’arch\u00e9ologue urbain \/ la Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’\u00e9cole de fouilles de Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re<\/a>, un partenariat entre le mus\u00e9e du m\u00eame nom et l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, existe maintenant depuis plus de huit ans. Elle est situ\u00e9e dans un \u00e9difice anonyme de deux \u00e9tages qui fait face \u00e0 la place d’Youville dans le Vieux-Montr\u00e9al, l’un des tr\u00e8s rares endroits du secteur o\u00f9 le sous-sol n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 creus\u00e9 pour y \u00e9riger les fondations d’un immeuble plus imposant, d’o\u00f9 la conservation des vestiges. L’entreprise d’avitaillement Townsend \u00e9tait propri\u00e9taire du site jusqu’en 1998, date o\u00f9 la fondation du mus\u00e9e d\u00e9cide d’acheter le site pour sa grande valeur arch\u00e9ologique. De l’ext\u00e9rieur, on ne se doute pas qu’il y ait \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur l’un des sites les plus importants qui soit pour la connaissance des balbutiements de Montr\u00e9al et de l’\u00e9poque de la rencontre entre am\u00e9rindiens et europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n

\"Plan<\/a>Le site est recoup\u00e9 en sept phases successives d’occupation, associ\u00e9es \u00e0 autant d’am\u00e9nagements repr\u00e9sentant l’\u00e9volution de Montr\u00e9al:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    Les entrep\u00f4ts Smith (1879 \u00e0 aujourd’hui)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Les magasins-entrep\u00f4ts Gillepsie (1842 \u00e0 1879)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    L’\u00e9difice Dunlop (1804 \u00e0 1842)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Le domaine de Calli\u00e8re (1765 \u00e0 1804)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Le ch\u00e2teau de Calli\u00e8re (1695 \u00e0 1765)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Le fort Ville-Marie (1642 \u00e0 1695)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. Sol d’origine (avant 1642)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Avec le temps, de nombreux remblais sont venus recouvrir les couches d’occupation; il faut se rappeler qu’il y a peu le site \u00e9tait toujours situ\u00e9 \u00e0 mi-chemin entre le fleuve et la petite rivi\u00e8re, le terrain devait y \u00eatre originellement tr\u00e8s in\u00e9gal et meuble, instable et prompt aux inondations. Pour contrecarrer ce fait, on rehausse graduellement le terrain avec de la terre et les d\u00e9bris des constructions pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, jusqu’\u00e0 ce qu’on finisse par int\u00e9grer la petite rivi\u00e8re au r\u00e9seau d’\u00e9gout et par rehausser les rives du fleuve jusqu’\u00e0 leur \u00e9loignement actuel. Raison pour laquelle aujourd’hui, les couches stratigraphiques associ\u00e9es aux d\u00e9buts de la colonisation fran\u00e7aise se retrouvent \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de trois m\u00e8tres sous le niveau du sol actuel.<\/p>\n

    \"Ma\u00e7onnerie<\/a><\/p>\n

    On ne conna\u00eet pratiquement rien de l’\u00e9poque du fort de Ville-Marie, si ce n’est ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 sur place et sur le site voisin, \u00e0 l’emplacement du mus\u00e9e. Des d\u00e9tails connus: \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, les habitants du fort inhumaient leurs morts dans un petit cimeti\u00e8re situ\u00e9 en marge de la palissade. Le point int\u00e9ressant, c’est que tous \u00e9taient enterr\u00e9s \u00e0 cet endroit, am\u00e9rindiens et europ\u00e9ens, sans discrimination, notable du moins. Des d\u00e9tails moins connus: on y a retrouv\u00e9 en 2007 ce que l’on croyait \u00eatre un am\u00e9nagement de forgeron, une ma\u00e7onnerie de pierres en forme de “i” majuscule. En 2009 toutefois, un am\u00e9nagement identique y a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9 un peu plus au sud, parall\u00e8le au premier (voir le plan plus haut). Ils sont sans aucun doute reli\u00e9s, mais jusqu’\u00e0 ce jour impossible de savoir de quelle fa\u00e7on et \u00e0 quoi ils pouvaient bien servir. Des id\u00e9es?<\/p>\n

    Depuis, nombre d’objets et am\u00e9nagements incongrus ou uniques y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s: un cadran solaire<\/a>, dont ont a au d\u00e9part associ\u00e9 les fragments \u00e0 de l’ardoise recouvrant les toits, un puits<\/a> datant de l’\u00e9poque du fort de Ville-Marie et situ\u00e9 en face de la r\u00e9sidence de Maisonneuve et tout r\u00e9cemment une figurine d’argile couronn\u00e9e<\/a>, dont on cherche activement \u00e0 savoir ce qu’elle repr\u00e9sente (pas facile avec la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 de l’image).<\/p>\n

    Bref, il reste \u00e9norm\u00e9ment \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir \u00e0 cet emplacement. Heureusement les fouilles ne sont pas termin\u00e9es et devraient se prolonger encore quelques ann\u00e9es, jusqu’\u00e0 ce que cette portion du site soit raccord\u00e9e \u00e0 la crypte arch\u00e9ologique, tel qu’annonc\u00e9 derni\u00e8rement<\/a> dans les plans d’agrandissement du mus\u00e9e Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re (voir le no. 4 sur l’image).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L’\u00e9cole de fouilles de Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re, un partenariat entre le mus\u00e9e du m\u00eame nom et l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, existe maintenant depuis plus de huit ans. Elle est situ\u00e9e dans un \u00e9difice anonyme de deux \u00e9tages qui fait face \u00e0 la place d’Youville dans le Vieux-Montr\u00e9al, l’un des tr\u00e8s rares endroits du secteur o\u00f9 le sous-sol n’aContinue reading “L’arch\u00e9ologue urbain \/ la Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5063,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7837,7839],"tags":[157,440,125,78,872,734],"class_list":["post-7597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","category-neighbourhoods","tag-archeology-archeologie","tag-maisonneuve","tag-montreal","tag-old-montreal-vieux-montreal","tag-universite-de-montreal","tag-youville"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'arch\u00e9ologue urbain \/ la Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re - Spacing Montreal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/montreal\/2010\/07\/19\/larcheologue-urbain-la-pointe-a-calliere\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'arch\u00e9ologue urbain \/ la Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re - Spacing Montreal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L’\u00e9cole de fouilles de Pointe-\u00e0-Calli\u00e8re, un partenariat entre le mus\u00e9e du m\u00eame nom et l’Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, existe maintenant depuis plus de huit ans. 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