{"id":5043,"date":"2014-09-17T09:00:38","date_gmt":"2014-09-17T13:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/?p=5043"},"modified":"2014-09-16T14:05:04","modified_gmt":"2014-09-16T18:05:04","slug":"la-lecon-de-bois-franc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/","title":{"rendered":"La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-4182\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new-600x83.jpg\" alt=\"cities for people\" width=\"600\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new-600x83.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new-300x41.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new-940x130.jpg 940w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/feature-cities-for-people-new.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>On appelait \u00e7a l\u2019avant-garde<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a01980, le nec plus ultra de l\u2019urbanisme \u2014 c\u2019\u00e9tait avant l\u2019agriculture urbaine, les placottoirs et les installations \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res en conteneurs recycl\u00e9s \u2014 s\u2019appelait le Nouvel urbanisme. Si vous n\u2019\u00eates pas un professionnel de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement, vous saurez d\u00e9sormais que le Nouvel urbanisme est un mouvement n\u00e9 il y a 30 ans qui visait \u00e0 repenser la banlieue am\u00e9ricaine en cr\u00e9ant des milieux plus denses et plus mixtes, avec des formes qui s\u2019inspiraient des villes d\u2019avant-guerre (le mouvement se poursuit aujourd\u2019hui et continue d\u2019\u00e9voluer). \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, on pouvait consid\u00e9rer \u00e7a comme l\u2019avant-garde de l\u2019urbanisme.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5049\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5049\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5049 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-2-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"bois 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-2-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-2-940x705.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5049\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Le bassin de la Brunante et son am\u00e9nagement pittoresque. Photo : Anna Berman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Et l\u2019avant-garde de l\u2019urbanisme, c\u2019est justement ce qui a s\u00e9duit le fabricant Bombardier, lorsqu\u2019il a entrepris de transformer le terrain de l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Cartierville \u2014 un site de 185 hectares \u00e0 Saint-Laurent, une ville de banlieue devenue depuis un arrondissement montr\u00e9alais. Bombardier a fait les choses en grand\u00a0: un bassin de r\u00e9tention (baptis\u00e9 bassin de la Brunante) anim\u00e9 par des fontaines, des maisons d\u2019inspiration victorienne scrupuleusement agenc\u00e9es, des stationnements souterrains aux entr\u00e9es discr\u00e8tes, une bonne dizaine de parcs, places et squares diss\u00e9min\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le quartier, auxquels s\u2019ajoutent quelques douzaines de g\u00e9n\u00e9reux \u00eelots de verdure au centre des rues. L\u2019offre abondante d\u2019espace public jouait un r\u00f4le fondamental dans le projet\u00a0: elle allait, croyait-on, favoriser les contacts entre les r\u00e9sidants et faire na\u00eetre une communaut\u00e9 vivante, une communaut\u00e9 anim\u00e9e d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable sentiment d\u2019appartenance. Beaucoup de parcs, beaucoup de rencontres, beaucoup d\u2019esprit communautaire\u00a0: \u00e7a paraissait logique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Des parcs, pour quoi faire?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La construction de Bois-Franc s\u2019est amorc\u00e9e en 1993 et se poursuit encore aujourd\u2019hui. Les tractopelles travaillent encore \u00e0 l\u2019extension du quartier, pendant que les premi\u00e8res rues de Bois-Franc prennent d\u00e9j\u00e0 des airs de quartier mature\u00a0: les arbres ont pouss\u00e9 et les fa\u00e7ades ont acquis l\u2019air sage et digne que conf\u00e8re la patine du temps.<\/p>\n<p>Mais dans les rues, il n\u2019y a personne. Le parc Sir-Edmund-Henry, le square Gauguin, le square Nelligan sont d\u00e9serts. Sur les \u00eelots de verdure, rien ne bouge.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5050\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-5050\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-3-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"Un \u00eelot de verdure peu achaland\u00e9. Photo : Anna Berman.\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-3-940x705.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un \u00eelot de verdure peu achaland\u00e9. Photo : Anna Berman.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Et en regardant les maisons qui bordent la rue, on comprend pourquoi\u00a0: elles sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement spacieuses et comportent toute une cour priv\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re. Le revenu moyen des m\u00e9nages d\u00e9passait 115\u00a0000\u00a0$ par ann\u00e9e en 2011. Les r\u00e9sidants de Bois-Franc sont mobiles, plusieurs d\u2019entre eux poss\u00e8dent probablement une r\u00e9sidence secondaire, leur cours, leur salon et leur sous-sol leur suffisent amplement; ils n\u2019ont pas besoin d\u2019espaces publics.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Unis dans la servitude<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00eame si les parcs restent d\u00e9serts, une certaine solidarit\u00e9 \u00e9merge \u00e0 Bois-Franc et c\u2019est, pour une raison assez surprenante, l\u2019architecture qui en est la cause.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_5051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5051\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5051 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Une cour int\u00e9rieure. Photo : Alex Tran [http:\/\/www.alextranphotography.com\/]\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4-940x625.jpg 940w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-4.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une cour int\u00e9rieure. Photo : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alextranphotography.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Alex Tran<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>Ce qu\u2019on retient de Bois-Franc, ce qui frappe imm\u00e9diatement le regard et persiste longtemps dans les souvenirs, c\u2019est le caract\u00e8re homog\u00e8ne des b\u00e2timents. On reconna\u00eet le quartier \u00e0 ses fa\u00e7ades n\u00e9o-traditionnelles unifi\u00e9es et les acheteurs qui choisissent Bois-Franc appr\u00e9cient cette particularit\u00e9. Bombardier, en planifiant le projet, avait d\u2019ailleurs anticip\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat que susciterait l\u2019esprit dix-neuvi\u00e8miste de son projet et, pour en assurer la protection perp\u00e9tuelle, a contraint tous les propri\u00e9taires \u00e0 maintenir l\u2019apparence de leurs b\u00e2timents par le biais d\u2019une servitude architecturale.<\/p>\n<p>De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, une servitude est une contrainte inscrite dans le droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0: un droit de passage \u00e0 maintenir, une vue \u00e0 ne pas bloquer. Les servitudes sont attach\u00e9es au titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019un immeuble.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cas de la servitude architecturale de Bois-Franc, cette contrainte d\u00e9passe largement le droit de passage. Elle <a href=\"http:\/\/apboisfranc.ca\/servitude\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u00abne permet pas aux propri\u00e9taires d\u2019alt\u00e9rer de quelque fa\u00e7on que se soit l\u2019apparence ext\u00e9rieure de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et d\u2019effectuer toute modification que ce soit \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9nagement paysager des cours avant, lat\u00e9rale et arri\u00e8re de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.\u00bb<\/a> Autrement dit, les propri\u00e9taires ont l\u2019obligation de conserver l\u2019apparence de leur maison pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9. M\u00eame le choix des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux qu\u2019ils peuvent planter en fa\u00e7ade est assujetti \u00e0 la servitude. Le paysage de Bois-Franc, un ensemble suburbain sans architecte c\u00e9l\u00e8bre et sans histoire, est mieux prot\u00e9g\u00e9 que celui du Vieux-Montr\u00e9al ou du Vieux-Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5052\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5052 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5-600x395.jpg\" alt=\"bois 5\" width=\"600\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5-600x395.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5-940x619.jpg 940w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-5.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bois-Franc en 2008. Photo :<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/caribb\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Doug (flickr)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u00c9videmment, le probl\u00e8me avec une telle contrainte, c\u2019est de la faire respecter. Dans la phase initiale du projet, Bombardier avait consacr\u00e9 d\u2019importantes ressources \u00e0 la surveillance de la servitude et jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a02000, des inspecteurs patrouillaient le quartier pour rep\u00e9rer les modifications non autoris\u00e9es. Mais en 2009, Bombardier a vendu les terrains non d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Les d\u00e9veloppements Bois-Franc et s\u2019est retir\u00e9e de l\u2019entretien de la servitude. L\u2019association des propri\u00e9taires de Bois-Franc s\u2019est retrouv\u00e9e avec la responsabilit\u00e9 de surveiller les r\u00e9novations non autoris\u00e9es et le jardinage d\u00e9linquant.<\/p>\n<p>Les moyens dont dispose l\u2019association n\u2019ont rien \u00e0 voir avec ceux de Bombardier. Ses revenus se limitent \u00e0 une cotisation annuelle des membres et aux quelques commandites qu\u2019ils obtiennent aupr\u00e8s des commerces locaux. De plus, la servitude suscite la grogne de certains r\u00e9sidants, qui n\u2019aiment pas se faire reprocher leur choix de bardeau ou leur go\u00fbt en mati\u00e8re d\u2019am\u00e9nagement paysager.<\/p>\n<p>Mais sous un angle plus positif, la servitude permet pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment de faire na\u00eetre des relations entre des voisins qui ont, autrement, peu de choses en commun. Andr\u00e9 Laricheli\u00e8re, un des administrateurs de l\u2019Association des propri\u00e9taires, remarque <a href=\"http:\/\/apboisfranc.ca\/ca-et-permanence\/\" target=\"_blank\">sur la page web<\/a> de l\u2019organisme\u00a0que l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des membres, au mois de mai dernier, avait suscit\u00e9 de multiples d\u00e9bats allant \u00abde la question des mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 celle de la cotisation, \u00e0 la question m\u00eame de la d\u00e9mocratie, aux fronti\u00e8res entre le droit de parole et le respect des r\u00e8gles de fonctionnement de toute assembl\u00e9e.\u00bb \u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ces d\u00e9bats, il constate que la servitude constitue \u00abnon seulement [\u2026] un\u00a0outil juridique\u00a0au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des propri\u00e9taires de Bois-Franc mais aussi [\u2026] un v\u00e9ritable\u00a0outil de communaut\u00e9\u2026 Si la servitude architecturale soul\u00e8ve des questionnements, elle devrait plut\u00f4t nous rapprocher, nous amener \u00e0 \u00e9changer sur ce qui est et doit rester la clef de vo\u00fbte de Bois-Franc et la raison d\u2019\u00eatre de notre Association.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019art difficile de fabriquer les communaut\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Il y a certainement dans l\u2019histoire de Bois-Franc une le\u00e7on \u00e0 tirer \u00e0 propos de l\u2019art difficile de fabriquer les communaut\u00e9s. Ce n\u2019est pas parce que l\u2019on construit des lieux de rassemblement que les gens se rassemblent \u2014 une le\u00e7on que l\u2019on devrait d\u2019ailleurs garder \u00e0 l\u2019esprit \u00e0 chaque fois que l\u2019on am\u00e9nage un parc ou un parklet ou que l\u2019on installe des bancs. Mais alors, qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019il faut construire pour que les gens se rassemblent? La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc se r\u00e9sume \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s de la mani\u00e8re suivante\u00a0: il faut construire un quartier que les habitants ne pourront entretenir autrement qu\u2019en se rassemblant. Inscrire au fondement d\u2019un nouveau quartier une t\u00e2che impossible \u00e0 accomplir seul, c\u2019est peut-\u00eatre le moyen le plus efficace de fabriquer une communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cities-for-people-logo-NEW.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4579\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Cities-for-people-logo-NEW.jpg\" alt=\"Cities-for-people-logo-NEW\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>The Cities for People features are a project between\u00a0<em>Spacing\u00a0<\/em>and <a href=\"http:\/\/citiesforpeople.ca\/en\" target=\"_blank\">Cities For People<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On appelait \u00e7a l\u2019avant-garde \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a01980, le nec plus ultra de l\u2019urbanisme \u2014 c\u2019\u00e9tait avant l\u2019agriculture urbaine, les placottoirs et les installations \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res en conteneurs recycl\u00e9s \u2014 s\u2019appelait le Nouvel urbanisme. Si vous n\u2019\u00eates pas un professionnel de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement, vous saurez d\u00e9sormais que le Nouvel urbanisme est un mouvement n\u00e9 il y<a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5078,"featured_media":5045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[476],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cities-for-people"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc - Spacing National<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc - Spacing National\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On appelait \u00e7a l\u2019avant-garde \u00c0 la fin des ann\u00e9es\u00a01980, le nec plus ultra de l\u2019urbanisme \u2014 c\u2019\u00e9tait avant l\u2019agriculture urbaine, les placottoirs et les installations \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res en conteneurs recycl\u00e9s \u2014 s\u2019appelait le Nouvel urbanisme. Si vous n\u2019\u00eates pas un professionnel de l\u2019am\u00e9nagement, vous saurez d\u00e9sormais que le Nouvel urbanisme est un mouvement n\u00e9 il yContinue reading &quot;La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Spacing National\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-17T13:00:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/bois-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"4032\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"3024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Laurent Lussier\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Laurent Lussier\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2014\/09\/17\/la-lecon-de-bois-franc\/\",\"name\":\"La le\u00e7on de Bois-Franc - 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