{"id":9024,"date":"2019-09-02T13:00:40","date_gmt":"2019-09-02T17:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/?p=9024"},"modified":"2019-09-13T13:44:49","modified_gmt":"2019-09-13T17:44:49","slug":"planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Planning City-Wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/spacingmedia.com\/spacingvancouver\/wp-content\/uploads\/features\/indepth_feature-VAN.gif\" width=\"600\" height=\"72\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b><i>Planning Goals and Objectives &#8211; Criteria<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In light of the common shortcomings described earlier, let\u2019s consider a list of criteria that should be met by any set of goals and objectives for a city-wide plan, based on Lynch\u2019s insights:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\">Objectives should connect to concrete changes to the city form as much as possible (buildings, streets, land use, etc.).<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">They should be attainable currently and within the foreseeable future.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">The intentions behind the objectives must be clearly stated\u2014along with performance indicators\u2014with the ultimate goal of being able to compare and evaluate different options.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">They should be specific enough to direct actions, but general enough to provide choice.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">Since the city is constantly changing, the objectives should anticipate change and direct actions on the city accordingly, i.e. using rates of change versus fixed endpoints.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">Given the long lives of cities, objectives should bias long timelines and unborn generations.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">Goals should favour large groups of community members with particular emphasis on marginalized and less vocal groups.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">The scope of the goals should be as inclusive of all major community values and problems. This necessarily makes balancing and compromise more difficult, but must be done to the capacity of the decision-making process to handle complexity. This implies the development of a process that can handle more complexity as a part of the city-wide planning process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">What might this look like? Using the City of Vancouver\u2019s recent <a href=\"https:\/\/council.vancouver.ca\/20190709\/documents\/rr1.pdf\"><strong><em>City-wide Plan Policy Report<\/em><\/strong><\/a> again as an example, one can begin by replacing vague terms and phrases like \u201cGrowing local jobs in a sustainable and diverse economy\u201d with more directed statements like \u201cIncreasing local jobs by 20% while maintaining the diversity of existing industries\u201d. Unlike the original objective, the latter offers a definitive target (\u201c20%\u201d) that can be used to evaluate success or failure while referring to \u201cexisting industries\u201d that can be researched and given clear metrics (how many industries currently exist, what are they and how many of each).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">As another example:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cRapidly reducing greenhouse gas emissions to help tackle the climate crisis\u201d might be changed to \u201c Reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by automobile use through expanding the existing bicycle network by 5% within the next two years\u201d. Where \u201crapidly\u201d is relative, \u201cwithin the next two years\u201d is definite. Similarly, \u201creducing greenhouse gas emissions\u201d is too general since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">sources of greenhouse gasses are varied<\/a>, including everything from electricity production to agriculture. Ambiguity is avoided by adding \u201ccaused by automobile use\u201d. How greenhouse gas emissions by automobile use will be reduced (\u201cby expanding the bicycle network by 5%\u201d) is also added to be explicit about the actions to be taken.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s look at one more, but instead of offering an alternative, we will<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>deconstructing it and ask questions that will allow us to generate an alternative:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cIncreasing and protecting housing supply that is locally affordable.\u201d <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cIncreasing\u201d by how much? \u201cProtecting\u201d what housing supply? The existing mix? A select few type of housing? Why? \u201cLocally affordable\u201d for whom? People with median local household income of $30,000 or $150,000? Selecting between the latter will generate very different alternatives. Given that building housing takes time, adding a statement that addresses how much and at what rate would also be a good idea to include.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">It\u2019s worth noting that goals and objectives need not be positive in form. Given that problems are often easier to state in the negative (i.e. \u201cpreventing an increasing in housing prices\u201d), presenting them in this can be very effective.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">It\u2019s also important to note that the creation of goals and objectives does not occur wholesale or necessarily follow a \u2018right\u2019 sequence. The generation of design alternatives, plans, and objectives necessarily interact with one another, with potential solutions often suggesting new goals or revisions to objectives created beforehand. So, defining and forcefully \u201cfixing\u201d a set of goals at the beginning of the planning process serves to restrict possibilities and more comprehensive planning.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Ultimately, the city-wide process is <i>not <\/i>linear and the fact that many institutions attempt to make it strictly sequential\u2014with a goals and objectives phases near the start and evaluating solutions towards the end\u2014limits the city-wide planning process greatly.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In <b><i>Part 5<\/i><\/b>, we will look at two critical considerations in developing a city-wide plan: ways of weighting city-wide planning goals and objectives and how to make them more comprehensive.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">***<\/p>\n<p><em>In case you missed it:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/08\/26\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-1\/\"><em>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 1\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/08\/26\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-1\/\"><em>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 2\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/08\/26\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-3\/\"><em>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 3\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/04\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-5\/\">Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 5<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/06\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-6\/\"><em><strong>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 6<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/09\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-7\/\"><em><strong>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 7<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/11\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-8\/\"><em><strong>Planning City-wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 8<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>**<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><em><strong>Erick Villagomez<\/strong>\u00a0is one of the founding editors at Spacing Vancouver and the author of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Laws-Settlements-Underlying-Culture-Version\/dp\/1718145365\/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1545028647&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=The+Laws+of+Settlements%3A+54+Laws+Underlying+Settlements+across+Scale+and+Culture\">The Laws of Settlements: 54 Laws Underlying Settlements across Scale and Culture<\/a>. He is also an educator, independent researcher and designer with personal and professional interests in the urban landscapes. His private practice \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/metisdb.com\/\">Metis Design|Build<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 is an innovative practice dedicated to a collaborative and ecologically responsible approach to the design and construction of places. You can see more of his artwork on his\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/evillago.tumblr.com\/\">Visual Thoughts Tumblr\u00a0<\/a>and follow him on his instagram account:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/e_vill1\">@e_vill1<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Planning Goals and Objectives &#8211; Criteria In light of the common shortcomings described earlier, let\u2019s consider a list of criteria that should be met by any set of goals and objectives for a city-wide plan, based on Lynch\u2019s insights: Objectives should connect to concrete changes to the city form as much as possible (buildings, streets,<a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;Planning City-Wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 4&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6004,"featured_media":9010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[411,408,413,415,419,422,29,423,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civic-engagement","category-community","category-features","category-green-space","category-infrastructure","category-neighbourhoods","category-parks","category-politics","category-urban-design"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Planning City-Wide: A Primer - Part 4 - Spacing National<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Planning City-Wide: A Primer - Part 4 - Spacing National\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Planning Goals and Objectives &#8211; Criteria In light of the common shortcomings described earlier, let\u2019s consider a list of criteria that should be met by any set of goals and objectives for a city-wide plan, based on Lynch\u2019s insights: Objectives should connect to concrete changes to the city form as much as possible (buildings, streets,Continue reading &quot;Planning City-Wide: A Primer &#8211; Part 4&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Spacing National\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-02T17:00:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-09-13T17:44:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Bartholomew_Vancouver_Map.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"390\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erick Villagomez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Erick Villagomez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\",\"name\":\"Planning City-Wide: A Primer - Part 4 - Spacing National\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Bartholomew_Vancouver_Map.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-02T17:00:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-09-13T17:44:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/#\/schema\/person\/0b341199f07f5a317998ac7dcfa73204\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Bartholomew_Vancouver_Map.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/Bartholomew_Vancouver_Map.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":390,\"caption\":\"Image from the City of Vancouver's 1928 Bartholomew Plan.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/09\/02\/planning-city-wide-a-primer-part-4\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Planning City-Wide: A Primer &#8211; 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He is also the author of The Laws of Settlements: 54 Laws Underlying Settlements Across Scale and Culture. 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