{"id":9200,"date":"2019-11-19T13:00:23","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T17:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/?p=9200"},"modified":"2019-11-18T14:36:55","modified_gmt":"2019-11-18T18:36:55","slug":"book-review-from-the-stacks-extreme-architecture-building-for-challenging-environments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/national\/2019\/11\/19\/book-review-from-the-stacks-extreme-architecture-building-for-challenging-environments\/","title":{"rendered":"Book Review From the Stacks: Extreme Architecture – Building for Challenging Environments"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cThe fascination of architecture in extreme environments is that it is so demanding technically, yet offers so much potential\u2026 the greatest constraint usually comes from the need not to spoil the natural environment, and that demands more judgment than the need to match the brickwork of an adjoining building.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

– From the book\u2019s introduction<\/p>\n

Editor: Ruth Slavid (Laurence King Publishing, 2009)<\/strong><\/p>\n

As we presently hear more and more each day about the environment and what design professionals can do to turn the tide on total systemic collapse, it may do us well to ponder the extreme scenarios that a designer could face, whether in a Kalahari summer or an Antarctic winter. Author and editor Ruth Slavid gives us forty-five instances of just such designs, along with their designers in Extreme Architecture<\/em><\/a>, a formidable 208-page volume containing 296 awe-inspiring images of these \u2018extreme\u2019 visions.<\/p>\n

As presented in five categories \u2013 Hot, Cold, High, Wet<\/em>, and Space<\/em> \u2013 the editor features projects from all around the globe in as many different extreme sites, by the likes of Sir Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, and Mario Botta, with more familiar and closer to home projects by Seattle-based Tom Kundig and Vancouver-based Hotson Bakker Boniface Haden.<\/p>\n

As a point of departure, the book\u2019s introduction proposes the most extreme of \u2018extreme architecture\u2019 \u2013 a spaceport in New Mexico for Virgin Group owner Sir Richard Branson, providing a terminal for those who can afford the $200,000 ticket to take a ride in space. As the book\u2019s editor explains it, the building is both a means to an end for traveling through the extreme environment of space, as well as requiring to be able to withstand the extreme temperatures in the New Mexico desert. Sir Norman Foster<\/a>\u2019s project in Abu Dhabi also inhabits a desert, with his solution being a city with a zero carbon output.<\/p>\n

And so the first section of the book\u2013Hot<\/em>\u2013opens with Masdar<\/a>, a proposal to create a small town off the grid, producing zero waste and no carbon footprint in the desert (kind of Archigram meets Burning Man). With global warming and the rising temperatures an everyday subject now, it is no surprise that the first fifty pages of the book are dedicated to the subject of heat, with extreme examples from Arizona, the Canary Islands, Abu Dhabi, Australia, and even the interior of British Columbia. The editor makes the poignant observation that it is the air conditioner that has single-handedly been responsible for the existence of Dubai and Abu Dhabi, much like the tall buildings of New York and Chicago depended on Otis\u2019 invention of the elevator.<\/p>\n

But of all ten of the projects featured in this chapter, it is in a school in Burkina Faso that best demonstrates the editor\u2019s intent to show work that represents humanity overcoming the perils of their environments, whether through climate-change or a catastrophic seismic event. In the case of Burkina Faso, this is portrayed by the architect Diebedo Francis Kere<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Born in Gando, a village in Burkina Faso, Kere went to architecture school in Berlin, then returned to his country to build better schools and infrastructure, using design to create healthier buildings, and not necessarily adopting solutions from the West. He set up a fund while in Berlin to build a school back home, and the resulting building is an ingenious display of local materials and craftsmanship married to a modern sensibility about environmental design. The editor points out how simply using cross ventilation, Kere\u2019s buildings created comfortable environments without the need for HVAC, though by Western standards the environments would probably still seem to be warm.<\/p>\n

Another of the ten projects representing Hot<\/em>\u00a0is the Nk\u2019Mip Desert Centre<\/a> in Osoyoos, given the area\u2019s arid conditions. An award-winning facility by Hotson Bakker Boniface Haden + Urbanistes, its sustainability includes its use of a massive earth rammed wall to insulate the centre from the desert\u2019s summer heat. Intended as a demonstration centre for sustainable principles, the rammed wall and landscaping serve to show that a building can be restored to its environment by clever camouflage, where the landscaped artifact becomes an artificial landscape.<\/p>\n

The second section of the book\u2013Cold<\/em>\u2013looks at architectural design and its relation to winter conditions, whether the doldrums of the winters in our northern hemisphere or the technically savvy science facilities in Antarctica. \u2018Cold<\/em>\u2019 is represented with an odd cross-section of winter habitations, from single habitations in the winter landscape such as Tom Kundig\u2019s Delta Shelter<\/em><\/a> in Washington, to survey station modules in the Antarctic, the stunning photography of which provides the image for the book\u2019s cover. The editor also features a storage facility in Norway\u2013a seed ark\u2013as well as various designs of ice hotels and bars by designers from Canada, the UK, and Sweden.<\/p>\n

There are two projects in Cold<\/em>\u00a0which represent the two poles of the editor\u2019s intent to show extreme architecture in this category. The first is the Abisko Ark Hotel<\/a> in Sweden, the setting for which provides the clearest skies year-round to view the aurora borealis, as well as the option of modern fishing shacks from which to ice fish. This facility, for which the clientele spends large sums of money to spend one night on the edge of the Arctic Circle, is in stark contrast to the second project\u2014the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station<\/a>\u2014which is a scientific research outpost where luxury is forsaken for necessity. Not unlike building a space station in outer space, the South Pole Station could not be further removed from the extreme tourism industry, which\u2014along with ice hotels and posh ski-chalets\u2014has necessitated creating architecture at higher elevations, the subject of the next chapter.<\/p>\n

The introduction to High<\/em>, the book\u2019s third section, gives a brief history of mountaineering, and how this 18th-century\u00a0pastime in the Alps has ballooned into an industry of winter sports the world over. Most certainly we in Canada are aware of the industry of skiing and snowboarding, as well as the infrastructure necessary to get the winter hedonist to their final destination, as represented by the Carmenna Chairlift Stations in Arosa, Switzerland and Galzigbahn in Austria. Competitive ski jumping has also provided the impetus for much in this chapter, as represented by the breathtaking Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Germany. Slavid rounds out the chapter with an airship, as it represents now (as it has in the past) a new height of extreme architecture.<\/p>\n

The two standouts in \u2018High<\/em>\u2019 however are unquestionably the Nordpark Cable Railway<\/a> by Zaha Hadid Architects and the Aurland Lookout<\/a> in Norway. Both have received much praise and have been widely published: the former for its expressive and bold forms which frame the 1.8 kilometer cable car ride from Innsbruck to a nearby mountaintop, the latter for its daring engineering to thrust the observer away from the earth to become a part of the scenography itself.<\/p>\n

It is curious to point out that while parts of \u2018Hot<\/em>\u2019 and \u2018Cold<\/em>\u2019 involve extreme architecture for maintaining human comfort and survival, \u2018High<\/em>\u2019 is simply about recreation, whether looking at a majestic view or partaking in a winter sport. Certainly, there is no better example than Mario Botta\u2019s Tshuggen Bergoase Spa<\/a> as an example of a building that finds itself on the edge of civilization with its need to offer its clientele an escape from the world.<\/p>\n

The fourth section of the book\u2014Wet<\/em>\u2014is like \u2018Hot<\/em>\u2019, both of which concern to the world as they relate to climate change. Anyone who has been to Venice knows that sea levels are rising at an alarming rate. So, much of Slavid\u2019s selection deals with this issue. While she points out that Katrina was a wake-up call for the US in 2005, the Dutch have had to deal with flooding in urban areas since time immemorial, as 27 percent of its land is below sea level. The first five selected examples of wet architecture are hence floating houses, including a floating sauna, with a floating cruise ship terminal rounding out the bunch.<\/p>\n

But recreation make an appearance in this category, yet again, as the palm tree developments in Dubai create a desire to be near the water\u2019s edge despite rising sea levels. And going one step further, underwater hotels have taken architecture to the extreme, as Dubai boasts one, as well as Fiji as represented by the Poseidon Underwater Hotel<\/a>. The rigours of designing an underwater structure, while most certainly taking on the guise of naval architecture, is only a hop-skip-and-jump to the concept-soon-to-be-reality Seaorbiter<\/a> by Jacques Rougerie Architecte. A structure that the Slavid likens to something from a Jules Verne adventure, this diver\u2019s platform and research station will be half-above and half-below the ocean\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n

Such an extreme architecture as the Poseidon Hotel and Seaorbiter provide the perfect setting off point for the final category in the book\u2014Space<\/em>. Given the same necessity of space restrictions for human comfort and off-grid self-sustainability, living in space has for the most part remained the stuff of science fiction. But with the reality of the aforementioned Spaceport America<\/a> in New Mexico, one can only imagine the next wave as being spending a weekend on the moon. The extreme architecture making up this final chapter certainly makes it seem possible, as habitations and vehicles that are not necessarily tailored to NASA\u2019s out-of-this-world budget become one step closer to reality by design. And Arthur C. Clarke would smile to see the Galactic Suite<\/a>, which as envisioned by Barcelona architect Xavier Claramunt is a scene right out of 2001: A Space Odyssey<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Overall, Extreme Architecture<\/em> is an exhibition of humanity\u2019s daring\u2014and at times hubristic\u2014preoccupation with living on the edge and inhabiting those places that we would be better to avoid architecturally. But existing uneasily in the background is the notion that some of these intolerable sites for our buildings may become reality, as sea levels and temperatures rise. The book would have certainly benefited from having an essay that could\u2019ve spoken of the polar human activities of survival, such as after a catastrophic weather event, and hedonism, as represented by so much of the recreational architecture in the book. Otherwise, the book is a thought-provoking look at some of architecture\u2019s more curious designs, collected by the editor of such other Laurence King publications as Wood Architecture <\/em>(2005) and Micro <\/em>(2007).<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Originally published January 26, 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Sean Ruthen<\/a> is a Metro Vancouver-based architect and writer.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u201cThe fascination of architecture in extreme environments is that it is so demanding technically, yet offers so much potential\u2026 the greatest constraint usually comes from the need not to spoil the natural environment, and that demands more judgment than the need to match the brickwork of an adjoining building.\u201d – From the book\u2019s introduction Editor:Continue reading “Book Review From the Stacks: Extreme Architecture – Building for Challenging Environments”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6014,"featured_media":9252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBook Review From the Stacks: Extreme Architecture - 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