{"id":50806,"date":"2015-02-04T13:00:22","date_gmt":"2015-02-04T18:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?p=50806"},"modified":"2015-02-02T17:11:03","modified_gmt":"2015-02-02T22:11:03","slug":"welcome-private-nuclear-fallout-shelter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/02\/04\/welcome-private-nuclear-fallout-shelter\/","title":{"rendered":"Welcome to your private nuclear fallout shelter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In 1959, the builders of Regency Acres, a 700-home subdivision in Aurora, Ontario, offered something no other homebuilder in the country could: a private, family-sized nuclear fallout shelter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">For an extra $1,500 on top of the sale price, Consolidated Building Corp. Ltd. would install a reinforced concrete bunker\u00a0in the basement of any of the 20 styles of home available in the subdivision. The 3.3 x 2.4 metre\u00a0rooms had 30-centimetre\u00a0thick walls, a filtered air system, and a rolled steel door with a thick rubber gasket. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Safe from the toxic ash raining down from above, a\u00a0family of five sequestered inside would sleep on folding cots and subsist on filtered water and canned food. For entertainment, a clockwork record player and \u201cappropriate reading material\u201d would also be provided. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The set-up \u201cshould allow a family to remain relatively comfortable for the seven to 14-day danger period,\u201d the <em>Globe and Mail<\/em> reported.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The shelters at Regency Acres were the first to be offered as a standard feature of a new home in the Greater Toronto Area. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">One of the prevailing fears of the time was that the Soviet Union would drop an atomic\u00a0bomb somewhere over the United States (maybe even Canada,) obliterating a city and raining toxic radioactive ash over the surrounding hundreds of kilometres.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50816\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50816\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Plan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-50816\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Plan-600x784.jpg\" alt=\"toronto fallout shelter\" width=\"600\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Plan-600x784.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Plan-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Plan.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-50816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plan of the Regency Acres fallout shelter, Globe and Mail, Jan 17, 1959<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">It wasn&#8217;t such a farfetched idea at the time.\u00a0In October 1961, the Soviets detonated the \u201cTsar Bomba\u201d over the Novata Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic Sea. It was the most powerful manmade explosion in history. The 27-ton thermonuclear device was about 1,500 times more powerful than the U.S. bombs that levelled Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In fact, the blast was stronger\u00a0than all of the conventional explosives used in the entire second world war combined.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Naturally, the Soviets\u2019 ability to instantly and completely destroy anything\u00a0with a given\u00a035 square kilometre radius spooked the United States and Canada. A terrifying edited excerpt from John M. Fowler&#8217;s book <em>Fallout<\/em> published in the <em>Toronto Star<\/em> detailed in ghoulish detail the catastrophic horror that awaited a city struck by an atomic bomb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Buildings\u00a0would be vaporized\u00a0and their citizens incinerated or condemned to a slow and painful death. The fallout\u2014the radioactive ash ejected by the explosion\u2014would float on the wind, raining down toxic material over hundreds of kilometres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cPeople themselves might become \u2018missiles\u2019\u2014by being picked up and thrown about violently by the blast wind,\u201dFowler\u00a0explained. \u201cOn the basis of studies made on dummies in Nevada bomb tests, Clayton S. White [a U.S. medical researcher who studied how nuclear blasts affect the human body] estimated that \u2018human missiles\u2019 would cause injuries to people over an area of up to 800 square miles.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Even\u00a0subheadings in the <em>Star<\/em> excerpt are startling: \u2018millions of degrees,\u2019 \u2018yawning crater,\u2019 \u2018towering cloud,\u2019 and \u2018after its over.\u2019<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A year before a plane dropped the Tsar Bomba, the Canadian government under Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker published <em>\u201cYour Basement Fallout Shelter: Blueprint for Survival No. 1.\u201d<\/em> In it, experts provided easy-to-understand, step-by-step instructions for how to build a bunker from readily available supplies that wouldn&#8217;t cost more than $500 to assemble.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cShould a nuclear war occur, the risk of radioactive fallout will be very widespread, and will endanger many of us in our homes, even though a long way from the bomb explosion,\u201d wrote Diefenbaker in the foreword. \u201cThe shelter described in this booklet, although not affording protection against the blast of a nuclear explosion or the fires that may result, will provide good protection against the more widespread radiation danger.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The 35-page booklet also explained when and how the shelter should be used, how to choose a site, and what materials to use (timber, concrete blocks, and mortar.) It also detailed life in the shelter: how to deal with the radioactive dust that might blow inside, how to avoid burning down the shelter down by not cooking with gasoline, and how to defecate into bags. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cYour only communication with the outside world, once you are in the shelter, will be by radio,\u201d the text warns. \u201cIt is important that you check the reception in the shelter when you install it.\u201d 250,000 copies were distributed\u00a0during the first print run.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50814\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50814\" style=\"width: 492px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-QP.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50814\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-QP.jpg\" alt=\"toronto fallout shelter\" width=\"492\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-QP.jpg 492w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-QP-295x300.jpg 295w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-QP-62x62.jpg 62w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-50814\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fallout shelter at Queen&#8217;s Park Crescent and College St., Toronto, 1960. Archives of Ontario, C 5-2-2-47-3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">An example of the country\u2019s official fallout shelter design was built at Queen\u2019s Park, near the corner of University and College. It took member\u2019s of the Emergency Measures Organization 70 to 80 hours to erect it out of the prescribed wood and concrete blocks, and almost immediately it became a focal point for vandalism and protest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Ernest Tate, a 26-year-old stationary engineer, painted \u201cBan the Bomb\u201d in brown paint across the south side of the shelter in July 1960. He was fined $50 but remained\u00a0unapologetic in court, saying he\u2019d just as soon do it again.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cI think we\u2019re being pushed into this idea of a shelter, which is not adequate for a nuclear war. There is no protection in a nuclear war,\u201d W. G. Dean, a lecturer and member of the University of Toronto\u2019s Committee on Nuclear Disarmament, told the <em>Globe and Mail\u00a0<\/em>later in\u00a0the Tate story.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">A month later, the Combined University Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament protested at the shelter on the 15th anniversary of the Hiroshima bomb. Later, 50 high school students carrying signs that read \u201cmoles we are not,\u201d \u201ccivil defence is civil deceit,\u201d and \u201cthe only defence is peace\u201d picketed Queen\u2019s Park.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Despite the protests, Prime Minister Diefenbaker said \u201ceach and all of us\u201d should build a shelter. He took his own advice, too. A fallout shelter was built at 24 Sussex Drive by a government architect and a member of the Emergency Measures Organization. Toronto Mayor Nathan Phillips also built a shelter in the basement of his Oriole Parkway home, a move that was met with a barrage of criticism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">It was true: no fallout shelter could shield its occupants from the power of a nuclear explosion. Only blast-proof rooms and bunkers could do that. To that end, the Toronto alderman Fred Beavis suggested the city build bomb-strength holding areas for its citizens, but the idea came to naught. What the city did investigate, however, was the idea of using the subway lines and Nathan Phillips Square parking garage as mass holding areas in the event of\u00a0nuclear fallout reaching the city.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Though no modifications were made to the final design, a report published in 1961\u00a0said special filters could be added to ventilation shafts, allowing in breathable air but keeping out radioactive dust. Only one of the parallel tunnels would be occupied, the TTC theorized, so that a service train could operate on the spare track, delivering supplies and moving the sick or injured.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Air raid sirens,\u00a0six of which were built in Toronto (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.ca\/maps\/@43.650105,-79.41839,3a,75y,243.72h,112.19t\/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1s9alfipcB_j7Xs2DUG7B-Qg!2e0\">at least one still exists<\/a>,) would sound out a warning, telling the people of the city to take cover at home or at the nearest subway station.\u00a0About 35,000 people could be squeezed between Dundas West and Sherbourne stations, giving each person about\u00a01 square metre of space.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50813\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50813\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Family.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-50813\" src=\"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Family-600x867.jpg\" alt=\"toronto fallout shelter\" width=\"600\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Family-600x867.jpg 600w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Family-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/02\/20150202-Nuclear-Family-650x940.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-50813\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mr. and Mrs. Shanley and their kids inside their fallout shelter, 1961. Toronto Telegram fonds, ASC11276.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">Toronto and Canada&#8217;s nuclear preparations were tested later that year\u00a0during a mock nuclear attack called Tocsin B. The exercise imagined what would happen if 12 major cities across the country were subject to a\u00a0co-ordinated\u00a0attack by\u00a0surface-to-air nuclear\u00a0missiles and bombs dropped from planes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The results weren&#8217;t good. 2.2 million people would have died, including Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with\u00a01.5 million injured nationwide.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">&#8220;Toronto in fantasy blew up at 10:45 last night,&#8221; the <em>Globe and Mail<\/em> reported. &#8220;In the fury of the explosion an estimated 630,000 persons were killed and 225,000 injured. No-one could estimate the deaths that would result from radiation poisoning.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In Montreal, 900,000 imaginary people\u00a0died. 142,000 were annihilated in Ottawa\u2014more in cities from Vancouver to Stephenville, Newfoundland. &#8220;Windsor was razed by a 10-megaton bomb dropped on Detroit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Defence Minister Douglas Harkness watched with his cabinet from a cramped nuclear shelter in Petawawa, Ontario as the country was\u00a0blasted into oblivion. Despite the shocking results,\u00a0the acting prime minister\u00a0looked on the bright side.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">&#8220;If you lose 3,000,000\u00a0people it&#8217;s awful but there are still enough left to constitute a nation.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1959, the builders of Regency Acres, a 700-home subdivision in Aurora, Ontario, offered something no other homebuilder in the country could: a private, family-sized nuclear fallout shelter. For an extra $1,500 on top of the sale price, Consolidated Building Corp. Ltd. would install a reinforced concrete bunker\u00a0in the basement of any of the 20<a href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/02\/04\/welcome-private-nuclear-fallout-shelter\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;Welcome to your private nuclear fallout shelter&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8234,"featured_media":50812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,21757,69,24,33,50,14,32,8,20],"tags":[22010,19],"class_list":["post-50806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture","category-communication","category-curiosities","category-history","category-housing","category-infrastructure","category-spacing","category-streetscape","category-transit","category-urban-design","tag-fallout-shelter","tag-toronto"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Welcome to your private nuclear fallout shelter - Spacing Toronto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/02\/04\/welcome-private-nuclear-fallout-shelter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Welcome to your private nuclear fallout shelter - Spacing Toronto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 1959, the builders of Regency Acres, a 700-home subdivision in Aurora, Ontario, offered something no other homebuilder in the country could: a private, family-sized nuclear fallout shelter. 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For an extra $1,500 on top of the sale price, Consolidated Building Corp. 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