{"id":53553,"date":"2015-11-19T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2015-11-19T15:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?p=53553"},"modified":"2015-11-19T14:35:15","modified_gmt":"2015-11-19T19:35:15","slug":"the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/","title":{"rendered":"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope"},"content":{"rendered":"

Guest post by Paul Cohen, a professor in the Department of History at the University of Toronto and an occasional contributor to\u00a0<\/em>Spacing.<\/p>\n

I first learned that something was terribly wrong in Paris while sitting down to dinner with my sister in Toronto, when I received an e-mail from a good friend who lives not very far from our apartment in Paris that \u201cwe are all right.\u201d\u00a0 A joyous family reunion instantly turned into a sorrowful vigil, as we strived long into the night to piece together the horrific sequence of events.<\/p>\n

The loss of life in events like these are equally tragic wherever they take place.\u00a0 Those who object to how quick people in the west are to proclaim that \u201cWe are Paris\u201d while remaining indifferent to such dramas when they take strike Beirut or Aleppo or Baghdad are absolutely right.\u00a0 As intolerant voices in Europe and North America lost no time issuing calls to turn refugees away, we should also remember that it is precisely because they wish to escape horrors like this \u2013 and far worse \u2013 that millions of Syrians have fled their country.\u00a0 For it to be a resource for a constructive politics, in harmony with a humanism worthy of the name, empathy cannot and should not be selective.<\/p>\n

While this is all true, my sadness these past days has been of a deeply personal nature, focused more on the particular than the universal.\u00a0 For the second time in a year, the neighborhood where my home of seventeen years is situated was struck by terrorism.\u00a0 If last January we were just sitting down for an early lunch when the wail of police sirens converging on Charlie Hebdo<\/em>\u2019s nearby offices pierced the quotidian humdrum, this time we found ourselves an ocean away, worriedly reaching out to neighbors, friends and family in Paris.\u00a0 It is especially painful to watch such terrible events unfold over familiar and beloved geographies.\u00a0 When terrorists struck the Bataclan music hall, first responders set up a triage station in front of our local post office.\u00a0 Our daughter learned to walk in a small park within view of the music hall.\u00a0 The press published photos of the injured being evacuated in front of the building where our pediatrician\u2019s offices are located.\u00a0 The 11e arrondissement\u2019s city hall, where my wife and I were married, sheltered victims during the attacks.\u00a0 The international media have now set up camp just behind our apartment, right where our biweekly outdoor market takes place.<\/p>\n

In the short time since the attacks, English-language media have offered a sociological shorthand to describe the neighbourhood where most of the attacks took place, spanning the 10e and 11e arrondissements: hip, \u201cbobo\u201d, the front line for Parisian gentrification, an area of well-frequented bars, restaurants and live music venues.\u00a0 This too is true.\u00a0 Anyone familiar with the geography of the attacks shares the same, sickening supposition that the terrorists were intimately familiar with the cartography of eastern Paris nightlife.\u00a0 In an unfathomable irony, the center-left daily Lib\u00e9ration<\/em> \u2013 in whose headquarters, a short walk away from our home, Charlie Hebdo<\/em>\u2019s journalists sought refuge after last January\u2019s attacks \u2013 had just put a front-page story for the following morning\u2019s edition to bed entitled \u201cBienvenue \u00e0 hipsterland\u201d, on how the phenomenon drives working-class people from such neighborhoods.\u00a0 And I am as guilty as anyone in pushing the neighborhood\u2019s \u2018boboification\u2019: like many of our friends in the neighborhood, I moved to the 11e in 1998 as a graduate student, stayed on when I became a university teacher, and saw the area change.\u00a0 Over the years, I shared countless meals at the targeted restaurants, argued about politics or football at the now sadly famous caf\u00e9s, and enjoyed many wonderful concerts at the Bataclan.\u00a0 This, I freely admit, should make my testimony suspect, perched on the precipice of mournful narcissism and pathos.<\/p>\n

But there is more to the neighbourhood than bobos and bistronomie<\/em>.\u00a0 The rising tide of real estate prices has not spared this historically working-class neighborhood, to be sure, and a steady influx of higher income residents since the 1990s has transformed its sociology.\u00a0 On our quiet street, a motorcycle repair shop has given way to a vintage toy store, a rubber hose and pipe factory recently vacated space now occupied by an Italian designer housewares shop, and a small dentures workshop just gave way to a wine bar.\u00a0 But public housing (nearly 20 % of Paris\u2019s housing stock) and rent controls have helped make Paris one of the most socially and ethnically diverse urban areas in France.\u00a0 Teenagers from the two racially mixed public housing projects on our street congregate on weekend evenings for animated conversation.\u00a0 A kosher Tunisian restaurant does a brisk business serving up Sephardic fare, across from a Chinese print shop that serves the growing local East Asian community.\u00a0 In the early evenings, grandmothers gather in the same park where television crews are camped out right now to chat in Turkish, Arabic, and Taqbaylit as they watch ethnically diverse groups of kids play football.\u00a0 Two blocks south, one can browse at an anarchist bookstore; several blocks in the other direction, one can shop in specialist Muslim bookstores.\u00a0 Several mosques, synagogues and Jewish schools are located within walking distance.\u00a0 A small congregation gathers each Sunday at a nearby storefront evangelical church.\u00a0 A bit further afield several Catholic churches celebrate masses in French, Portuguese, Mandarin and Tamil to serve their ethnically diverse parishes.<\/p>\n

Social mixity as a process and an ideal can conceal wrenching socioeconomic and symbolic transformations and produce new forms of separation and social domination \u2013 as the work of urban geographer Matthieu Giroud, who lost his life at the Bataclan this past Friday, and whose astute analyses will be missed, showed.\u00a0 But the fact remains that this is a rare kind of place where many different kinds of people live in close, relatively comfortable proximity.\u00a0 None of the New York and Toronto neighbourhoods I have lived in were as ethnically, confessionally, or socioeconomically diverse.<\/p>\n

The far-right-wing Front National party doesn\u2019t do well here.\u00a0 In the first round of the 2012 presidential elections, their candidate finished in sixth place in the 11e arrondissement, with under 5 % of ballots.\u00a0 The 10e and 11e arrondissements vote solidly on the left, returning mostly Socialist and Green representatives in national and local elections since the mid-1990s.<\/p>\n

The map of the attacks also intersects the local geographies of a still older political history, that of socialism\u2019s origins in France, of workers\u2019 struggles and the labour movement, and of protests against colonial empire.\u00a0 On the rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, 150 meters from the restaurant where one of the attacks tool place, is the site of the last barricade to come down during the bloody repression of the Commune of Paris, the 1871 popular uprising animated by democratic and utopian socialist aspirations.\u00a0 Just up the street stands the Maison des m\u00e9tallos<\/em>, a grand trumpet factory built in the 1880s that long served as a steelworkers\u2019 union hall (situated just across the street from a mosque).\u00a0 The caf\u00e9 Le Carillon and the Petit Cambodge restaurant are located near the place Sainte Marthe, site of a broad mobilization of neighborhood associations, artists\u2019 and immigrants\u2019 squats in the 1990s to fight off a city-piloted redevelopment scheme which would have leveled the historic neighborhood.\u00a0 In the other direction, across the Canal St Martin which once ferried heavy barge traffic across a landscape of warehouses and factories, stands the Bourse de Travail<\/em>, founded by labour unions at the end of the nineteenth century to organize workers, shelter popular education initiatives, and put anarcho-syndicalist principles into action.<\/p>\n

Fontaine-au-Roi feeds into the Place de la R\u00e9publique, which has long functioned as a Republican agora, a site for political gatherings and public actions of all kinds, to draw attention to pressing problems.\u00a0 Almost a year ago to the day, French farmers dumped 50 tons of potatoes onto the Place to protest difficult market conditions for their produce.\u00a0 Last summer, the association Droit au Logement set up a tent on the square where 50 people who had been evicted from their apartments lived for several weeks, to drum up public awareness of the shortage of affordable housing.\u00a0 Kurds, Sri Lankans and other Paris-based expatriate communities regularly congregate to engage in forms of political speech they couldn\u2019t in their countries of origin.\u00a0 After last January\u2019s attacks, the enormous stone base of the 10 meter tall bronze statue personifying the Republic as woman became an impromptu monument to the victims, but also a space for public expression, an ever-evolving physical conversation about political community, collective values, and humor as a weapon against horror, an agora built upon graffiti, placards, and Republican ex-votos.<\/p>\n

On the boulevard Voltaire stands the Chinoiserie-inspired facade of the Bataclan, built in 1864, whose ecumenical music programming make it one of the world\u2019s great music venues \u2013 where Alain Bashung gave one of his last concerts, where Prince regularly gives surprise late-night performances, which became a vibrant centre for French rap, and where the Belle \u00c9poque cabaret singer Aristide Bruant sang his poetic ventriloquizing of the working class.\u00a0 The rue Charonne, where yet another of the blind attacks on a caf\u00e9 terrace took place, is the site of a February 1962, Communist-led demonstration against the Organisation Arm\u00e9e Secr\u00e8te (a clandestine organization of French officers and white Algerian settlers committed to keeping Algeria French who had committed a series of terrorist attacks), which was violently dispersed by the police, leaving 8 dead.\u00a0 A block away stands the Japy gymnasium, which hosted the first Socialist congress in France in 1899.<\/p>\n

Within Paris\u2019s symbolically-charged cartography of public space, the boulevard Voltaire has itself long served as the parade-ground for left-wing demonstrations, the theater for May Day marches, labor protests, and mobilizations in favor of progressive causes. \u00a0It is here that half a million people marched against the National Front’s Jean-Marie Le Pen during the 2002 presidential elections, here too that our daughter participated in her first such action, when we joined the nearly 1.5 million who marched after the Charlie Hebdo<\/em>\/Hyper Cacher attacks last January.<\/p>\n

Were the terrorists who committed the horrific events familiar with the neighborhood\u2019s historical geography?\u00a0 It doesn\u2019t really matter, nor do I care to know.\u00a0 What is certain is that the attackers wished to impose their own nihilistic politics on this place, to negate the struggles and aspirations and joys embodied in the experiences and landscapes of this part of Paris and substitute their own apocalyptic agenda of hate.\u00a0 Within France and without, cynical opportunists and ideologues lost little time seizing upon these events to legitimate their own sinister projects: Laurent Wauquiez and Eric Ciotti, deputies in former president Nicolas Sarkozy\u2019s party known for their hard-right positions, proposed creating Minority Report<\/em>-style prison camps for terrorist suspects: \u201cwe can no longer wait for them to commit a crime\u201d; an op-ed piece in Le Figaro<\/em> called for a re-Christianization of France as a response; New Gingrich fantasized about arming concert-going citizenry to avert such disasters.<\/p>\n

But the neighborhood, I think, also offers a geography of hope, raw materials with which to reconstruct reason for optimism in this time of mourning and uncertainty in our ailing democracies.\u00a0 Its landscape, its history and its people serve as reminders that the values and struggles which have marked them \u2013 of coexistence in difference, fraternity, liberty, solidarity and social progress \u2013 remain, now more than ever, the ones worth fighting for.<\/p>\n

Photo of Place de la R\u00e9publique by Dylan Reid<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Guest post by Paul Cohen, a professor in the Department of History at the University of Toronto and an occasional contributor to\u00a0Spacing. I first learned that something was terribly wrong in Paris while sitting down to dinner with my sister in Toronto, when I received an e-mail from a good friend who lives not veryContinue reading “When terror strikes urban geographies of hope”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8292,"featured_media":53533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21758,56,24,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community","category-headlines","category-history","category-politics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhen terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Guest post by Paul Cohen, a professor in the Department of History at the University of Toronto and an occasional contributor to\u00a0Spacing. I first learned that something was terribly wrong in Paris while sitting down to dinner with my sister in Toronto, when I received an e-mail from a good friend who lives not veryContinue reading "When terror strikes urban geographies of hope"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Spacing Toronto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-19T15:00:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-11-19T19:35:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Paul Cohen\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Spacing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Paul Cohen\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/\",\"name\":\"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-19T15:00:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-11-19T19:35:15+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/a8fbff561af0599c829d6f6130f2297f\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":362,\"caption\":\"Place de la Republique, Paris\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/\",\"name\":\"Spacing Toronto\",\"description\":\"Canadian Urbanism Uncovered | Toronto Architecture, Urban Design, Public Transit, City Hall, Parks, Walking, Bikes, Streetscape, History, Waterfront, Maps, Public Spaces\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/a8fbff561af0599c829d6f6130f2297f\",\"name\":\"Paul Cohen\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22d05dc1e37c223cd714f06e65239373?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22d05dc1e37c223cd714f06e65239373?s=96&d=blank&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Paul Cohen\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/author\/paulcohen\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto","og_description":"Guest post by Paul Cohen, a professor in the Department of History at the University of Toronto and an occasional contributor to\u00a0Spacing. I first learned that something was terribly wrong in Paris while sitting down to dinner with my sister in Toronto, when I received an e-mail from a good friend who lives not veryContinue reading \"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope\"","og_url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/","og_site_name":"Spacing Toronto","article_published_time":"2015-11-19T15:00:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-11-19T19:35:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":362,"url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Paul Cohen","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Spacing","twitter_site":"@Spacing","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Paul Cohen","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/","url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/","name":"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope - Spacing Toronto","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg","datePublished":"2015-11-19T15:00:11+00:00","dateModified":"2015-11-19T19:35:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/a8fbff561af0599c829d6f6130f2297f"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/11\/PlaceDeLaRepublique.jpg","width":600,"height":362,"caption":"Place de la Republique, Paris"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2015\/11\/19\/the-deeply-personal-nature-of-the-paris-attacks\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"When terror strikes urban geographies of hope"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#website","url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/","name":"Spacing Toronto","description":"Canadian Urbanism Uncovered | Toronto Architecture, Urban Design, Public Transit, City Hall, Parks, Walking, Bikes, Streetscape, History, Waterfront, Maps, Public Spaces","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/a8fbff561af0599c829d6f6130f2297f","name":"Paul Cohen","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22d05dc1e37c223cd714f06e65239373?s=96&d=blank&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/22d05dc1e37c223cd714f06e65239373?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Paul Cohen"},"url":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/author\/paulcohen\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8292"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53553"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53557,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53553\/revisions\/53557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}