{"id":57525,"date":"2017-06-30T13:00:41","date_gmt":"2017-06-30T17:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?p=57525"},"modified":"2017-06-29T13:51:17","modified_gmt":"2017-06-29T17:51:17","slug":"story-toronto-islands-modern-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2017\/06\/30\/story-toronto-islands-modern-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"The story of the Toronto Island’s modern architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"

When the flood water on the Toronto Island eventually recedes it will reveal a damaged and possibly forever\u00a0altered landscape.<\/p>\n

For the first time in recent memory, a large portion of the Island is underwater and largely inaccessible to the thousands of people who normally visit in early Summer.<\/p>\n

Homes are surrounded\u00a0by sandbags and the Rectory Cafe has already permanently closed due to a lack of customers. So far, the damage is estimated to be around $4.88 million<\/a> (most of that in lost ferry revenue,) but that figure could climb if the Island park remains closed through to the end of August.<\/p>\n

However, there wouldn’t\u00a0be an Island park at all if it wasn’t for the vision of two of Toronto’s most prominent leaders\u00a0in the 1950s.<\/p>\n

Of course, the Island was a destination long before the post-war era. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Mississaugas\u00a0used the area, which was originally a lengthy sandbar bisected by pools and streams and connected to a marsh at the mouth of the Don River.<\/p>\n

Elizabeth Simcoe, the wife of Toronto-founder John Graves Simcoe, wrote about a visit to the Island in her diary in 1790s\u00a0and in the decades that followed, hotels opened on the Island with the first ferry services delivering guests from the mainland.<\/p>\n

In time, Hanlan’s Point became a\u00a0Toronto version of Coney Island in the early decades of the 20th century, with a baseball stadium (where Babe Ruth hit his first professional home run<\/a>), a wooden rollercoaster, and all manner of fairground attractions.<\/p>\n

In 1931, 2.2 million people visited the Island by ferry. A record 100,000 people crossed the harbour in a single day that year (the recent one-day ridership record is 32,000), but the end was rapidly approaching.<\/p>\n

\"toronto
The famous diving white horse at Hanlan’s Point in 1907 or 1908. The park’s wooden rollercoaster is visible in the background. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 1244, Item 191.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The amusements at Hanlan’s were demolished to make way for the Island Airport in the 1937 and by the Second World War, the Island had become largely residential, with a mix of summer homes and year-round dwellings.<\/p>\n

The Island as we know it today is the result of a decision to make the land the property\u00a0of the new Metropolitan Toronto government under chairman Frederick G. Gardiner and parks commissioner Tommy Thompson in 1956.<\/p>\n

For Thompson and Gardiner, the Island was a key part in their plan to modernize Toronto.<\/p>\n

By combining the power of the 13 cities, towns, townships, and villages that fell under\u00a0Metropolitan Toronto umbrella, there would be new subways (three lines in a little over 15 years), new expressways on the waterfront, up the Don Valley, and down Spadina, new sewage plants and other key infrastructure, and miles of new parkland for the growing city\u00a0to enjoy.<\/p>\n

There had been a various\u00a0plans to develop the Islands since the closure of the amusements at Hanlan’s Point. In 1947, the Toronto Planning Board proposed\u00a0connecting\u00a0the Island to the mainland by road and adding parking, shopping, and hotels.<\/p>\n

In 1951, the Toronto Planning Board and the Toronto Harbour Commission unveiled a joint plan to build\u00a0a new amusement park, regatta course, and neighbourhood of apartments accessible by a road tunnel under the Island airport.<\/p>\n

Tommy Thompson’s vision for the Toronto Island Park was no less drastic than those pitched and trashed in the years before, but with the backing of Metropolitan Toronto, Thompson had the political clout to make his vision a reality.<\/p>\n

In 1958, his\u00a0Parks and Recreation Committee hired urban planner Macklin Hancock and his firm Project Planning Associates Ltd. to produce a master plan for the\u00a0Toronto Island Park.<\/p>\n

\"toronto
Project Planning Associates designed the landscaped pedestrian mall between the pier and the Manitou bridge and the pier. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 124, File 6.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Project Planning\u00a0prepared the blueprints\u00a0for Don Mills and Thorncliffe Park suburban developments in Toronto in the 1950s and their concept\u00a0for the Island was centred around a new pedestrian promenade on Centre Island.<\/p>\n

Most notably, and controversially, Metropolitan Toronto planned to make the necessary space by completely clearing the Island of all residential properties by the end of the 1960s.<\/p>\n

The leases on most of the offshore residential properties were to be terminated as they came up for renewal and the land razed. The Island main street, Manitou Road, which\u00a0contained a movie theatre, restaurants, a boat rental business, and many of the Island’s entertainment offerings was to be similarly demolished.<\/p>\n

Metro Toronto approved the plan in February 1956 and\u00a0began clearing, raising, and landscaping the Island soil more or less immediately. The goal was a “a fresh holiday like experience” for everyone who visited, with ample room for picnicking, swimming, or sunbathing.<\/p>\n

It was to be a summer playground away from downtown, accessed by improved ferry service, or maybe a chair lift like the one over the one just built over Rhine in Cologne, Germany.<\/p>\n

“The Island atmosphere should be water oriented,” a March 1963 report explained.\u00a0 <\/span>“It should be a day of masts, boats, boat rides, pennants, swimming, sand, gay umbrellas, feeding ducks, crossing bridges, a stroll on the pier, a band on a showboat, a meal overlooking the water, and to finish, a ride on a roller coaster with a water splash. In short, it should be fun!”<\/p>\n

In other words,”entertainment without hurdy-gurdy.”<\/p>\n

\"toronto
The Centre Island ferry dock shelter with its folded-plate concrete roof, designed by architects Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Series 316, File 2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Among the first new structures built on the Toronto Island were a set\u00a0of picnic pavilions and concession stands designed by architects Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti.<\/p>\n

Prior to being hired to work on the Island, Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti designed Colony Plaza, the strip mall at Lawrence and Warden Avenues where Tim Horton first gave his name to a donut shop.<\/p>\n

The firm almost wasn’t hired at all. At the time, Tommy Thompson was under pressure to adopt shelter designs City of Toronto parks commissioner George Bell had borrowed from Florida and used in High Park.<\/p>\n

“In a loud voice, Mr. Thompson said he didn’t see why he should have to follow Mr. Bell in everything that Mr. Bell does for parks,” reported The Globe and Mail<\/em>. “The very idea makes him boil.”<\/p>\n

“Toronto Island should be developed in a typical Toronto style, not something copied from Buffalo or any other U.S. centre, Thompson said.”<\/p>\n

\"toronto
A small picnic shelter and fireplace by Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti and located on the south side of Centre Island. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Series 316, File 2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Four Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti structures of varying sizes were built\u00a0near the Centre Island ferry dock. These were distinguished by their glazed brick walls and zig-zag, reinforced-concrete roofs that were meant to “reflect the open land and water characteristics of the Toronto Islands.”<\/p>\n

The largest of the set, which included washrooms, was located beside the Centre Island ferry dock. A picnic pavilion with a fireplace was located a short walk away on the edge of Long Pond and a concession stand was situated along the Avenue of the Islands.<\/p>\n

A second concession stand, which has now been demolished, was located on the current site of Centreville.<\/p>\n

In revealing the designs to the public, Metro parks claimed the Venchiarutti & Venchiarutti structures were “almost hooligan proof.”<\/p>\n

Around the same time, historic Manitou Road was demolished to make way for a landscaped walk with little pools and floral planters\u00a0designed by Hancock, Little, Calvert Associates, the architecture firm associated with Macklin Hancock’s Project Planning Associates.<\/p>\n

Near\u00a0the Manitou Road bridge, Hancock, Little, Calvert Associates also designed a hexagonal restaurant with a deeply folded roof like a paper fortune teller. Originally known as the Iroquois Restaurant, the $70,000 building was controversial because Thompson planned to use it for a “high-class” restaurant\u2014a steakhouse, maybe.<\/p>\n

Fred Gardiner thought a fancy restaurant would be at odds\u00a0with the Island Park concept.\u00a0“The picnic-type class who would patronize it would not want Royal York-type menus,” he said, suggesting the restaurant serve the “hamburger and hot dog trade” instead.<\/p>\n

In the end, Thompson and Gardiner compromised by building the kitchen, storage, and patio first, leaving the decision on theme for later.<\/p>\n

Also as part of the landscaped walk, two bathing stations were also built on the Lake Ontario side of Centre Island\u00a0and a Y-shaped pier that projected out into Lake Ontario.<\/p>\n

The site of the pier\u00a0was originally supposed to be the location of a 2,400-capacity amphitheatre, but this and many other planned features of the Toronto Island Park were dropped or heavily altered.<\/p>\n

\"toronto
The Iroquois Restaurant was supposed to be a replacement for the eating establishments on Manitou Road. It was designed by Hancock, Little, Calvert Associates. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Series 1465, File 396, Item 19.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The plans for an amusement park on Centre Island changed the most. Now known as Centreville, it was supposed to consist of a model town called Cosmorama, “contain[ing] world famous landmarks laid out in a new, integrated town plan.”<\/p>\n

Metro Toronto hoped countries and cities around the world would donate scale models of famous landmarks to the miniature town.<\/p>\n

There was also supposed to be a “Sportsland”, with tennis, deck tennis, miniature golf, clock golf, quoits, handball, archery, and horseshoes, and a “Funland,” a place for “youthful good times,” closer to\u00a0the east end of the Island.<\/p>\n

“[Funland] will consist largely of mechanical rides of the roller coaster, ferris wheel type, but no games of chance will be permitted,” a\u00a0Metro Toronto 1964 report explained.<\/p>\n

“A collection of merry-go-rounds and dodgem cars will be integrated together with a waxworks display and other permanent type exhibits: (e.g., a display of antique automobiles.)”<\/p>\n

\"toronto
Tommy Thompson’s famous “Please Walk on the Grass” signs first appeared in the late 1950s, around the time the Toronto Island Park was being planned and constructed. Image: City of Toronto Archives, Series 1465, File 375, Item 13.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Four\u00a0additional picnic shelters that were designed\u00a0by noted Modern architect Irving Grossman were added to the park in 1962. His\u00a0shelters looked like clustered parasols and were primarily located along the footpath from the on Hanlan’s Point ferry dock.<\/p>\n

By the mid-1960s, however, Metro Toronto’s plans for the Island were beginning to run out of steam. While some Island tenants left with relatively little fuss, others dug in deep, beginning a protracted battle to remain on the Island that wouldn’t be resolved for decades.<\/p>\n

By 1963, about 370\u00a0homes remained on the Island, most of them east of the Avenue of the Islands. Approximately 100 more were removed by the time the demolitions were halted for good.<\/p>\n

Today,\u00a0262 residential properties remain on Ward\u2019s Island and Algonquin Island.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Tommy Thompson’s Island Park remains mostly\u00a0unchanged\u00a0from\u00a0the 1960s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When the flood water on the Toronto Island eventually recedes it will reveal a damaged and possibly forever\u00a0altered landscape. For the first time in recent memory, a large portion of the Island is underwater and largely inaccessible to the thousands of people who normally visit in early Summer. Homes are surrounded\u00a0by sandbags and the RectoryContinue reading “The story of the Toronto Island’s modern architecture”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8234,"featured_media":57529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,69,13,24,47,14,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture","category-curiosities","category-green-space","category-history","category-parks","category-spacing","category-streetscape"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe story of the Toronto Island's modern architecture - Spacing Toronto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2017\/06\/30\/story-toronto-islands-modern-architecture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The story of the Toronto Island's modern architecture - Spacing Toronto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When the flood water on the Toronto Island eventually recedes it will reveal a damaged and possibly forever\u00a0altered landscape. For the first time in recent memory, a large portion of the Island is underwater and largely inaccessible to the thousands of people who normally visit in early Summer. 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