{"id":67469,"date":"2023-08-14T08:30:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T12:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/?p=67469"},"modified":"2023-09-05T09:28:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T13:28:51","slug":"in-the-dark-toronto-and-the-great-northeast-blackout-of-1965","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2023\/08\/14\/in-the-dark-toronto-and-the-great-northeast-blackout-of-1965\/","title":{"rendered":"In the Dark: Toronto and the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965"},"content":{"rendered":"

August 14 marks the 20th<\/sup> anniversary of the Northeast Blackout of 2003, which is estimated to have affected over 50 million people in Ontario and eight American states. It remains the largest power outage in North American history. While electricity was restored to many areas within hours, parts of Toronto waited several days for the juice to flow again. The city experienced everything from rescues of people stuck in elevators and the subway to neighbourhoods turning into party zones.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nearly 40 years earlier, many of the same parts of Ontario experienced the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965. The following story, originally published by Torontoist on April 14, 2012, looks at how Torontonians managed, and even enjoyed, what remains North America\u2019s second largest blackout ever.  <\/em><\/p>\n

Mass power outages can make the imagination run wild. Take the case of Mrs. Joe Clarke, who was driving through downtown Toronto during the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965. According to the Telegram<\/em>, Mrs. Clarke \u201cgot the fright of her life when she saw a shadowy monster silhouetted in the moonlight.\u201d After a moment of panic, she realized that she wasn\u2019t in a horror film: \u201cthe terrified woman realized that the lurking broad-shouldered \u2018creature\u2019 was\u2026the Royal York Hotel.\u201d<\/p>\n

Despite the occasional person envisioning city landmarks as Japanese movie monsters and passing thoughts that saboteurs were at work, Torontonians took the blackout that struck the city during rush hour on November 9, 1965 in stride. While the power outage didn\u2019t leave as large an impact on Toronto as it did on New York City, nor was it celebrated annually afterwards like the 2003 blackout, it made for an interesting evening for local residents.<\/p>\n

\"Life<\/a>
Cover of the November 19, 1965 edition of Life<\/em> magazine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Thanks to overloads affecting plants along the Niagara River that knocked out a cross-border power grid, Torontonians were among the 35 million North Americans affected by a blackout that began around 5:15 p.m. Downtown was hit by three waves of unexpected power losses\u2014the first and longest lasted an hour, followed by a 15-minute outage at 6:55 p.m. and a 20-minute loss at 7:25 p.m. The longest spell of darkness hit North York east of Yonge Street, where the power remained off until 8:25 p.m.<\/p>\n

People leaving work downtown were greeted by streets littered with marooned streetcars and trolley buses. Underground, most subway trains were able to coast into the nearest station. For trains stuck in between stations, TTC crews were dispatched to guide passengers out of rear cars toward the nearest station. Despite the delays, passengers remained calm and treated the situation as just another rush hour nuisance. \u201cWe just sat there and had a very nice time,\u201d Mrs. W.G. McGowan told the Toronto Star<\/em> after a two-hour, two-stop ride home. \u201cWe all had a good visit with people we didn\u2019t know.\u201d Another passenger admitted to CBC Radio that he \u201cjust sat there watching the girls.\u201d While 75 extra buses were pressed into service to replace the Yonge-University line, full TTC service was not restored until 9 p.m.<\/p>\n

For those attempting to drive home, the lack of functioning signals created gridlock. With too many busy intersections for Metro Toronto police to handle, citizens took traffic control into their own hands. After witnessing two near-fatalities, teacher-in-training Pat Conroy pulled over at Finch and Willowdale avenues to keep traffic flowing. \u201cI felt somebody had to do something about it,\u201d he told the Globe and Mail<\/em>. \u201cI kept on wondering where were all the EMO (Emergency Measures Organization, now Emergency Management Ontario) people or the police.\u201d Conroy, who also directed traffic at Bayview and Finch, noticed that police passed by him three times, while a fourth officer warned him not to expect any compensation if he was hit. The following day, police chief James Mackey criticized people who acted like Conroy due to the risks of directing traffic. \u201cWe know the civilians were hoping to help,\u201d he told the press. \u201cBut many of them were out in those intersections with dark clothing and no lights. It was dangerous.\u201d Mackey\u2019s statements were condemned by EMO officials, who were impressed by the initiative taken by Conroy and others and believed they deserved honours. According to Metro Toronto EMO director J.H. Pollard, \u201cin an emergency it is sometimes necessary to use common sense and to act without legal sanction.\u201d<\/p>\n

Confusion also reigned at the airport. Flight dispatch clerk Ivan Matsalla was among the people Telegram<\/em> reporter Tiny Bennett asked the question \u201cAnd where were you?\u201d<\/p>\n

I was at work at Toronto International Airport and when all the lights went out it seemed rather like fun. When we realized it was a large scale blackout we started to rush around. One of our men phoned in to inform us New York was out and as we had a plane over here we had to hustle. All our phones and radios were out but one phone which really came in for heavy traffic. It wasn\u2019t until the emergency lighting came on that we had the chance to find out just how widespread it all was.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Many commuters unwilling to wade into traffic and transit chaos rode out the blackout by knocking back a drink or two. Despite candlelight illumination and a lack of air conditioning that created thicker-than-usual clouds of cigarette smoke, downtown bars enjoyed brisk business. Thelma Day, hostess of the Cork Room on Bay Street, told the Globe and Mail<\/em> that \u201cthe power can go off at 5:30 every night; it keeps the cash registers ringing.\u201d Day worried about getting more candles and how to send her waitresses home when their shifts ended. \u201cIt\u2019s impossible to get a taxi,\u201d she noted. \u201cMaybe some good-looking fellows will come along and drive them home. That\u2019s sweet, isn\u2019t it?\u201d Over at Le Coq d\u2019Or on Yonge Street, manager Nicholas Fotes observed that \u201cnone of the customers are panicky\u2014in fact I think they are enjoying it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
The Cork Room at Bay and Wellington streets, a longtime watering hole for the Toronto Stock Exchange. Photo taken by Ellis Wiley prior to 1966. City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 124, File 1, Item 128.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Also enjoying the blackout were 200 children who continued skating in Nathan Phillips Square thanks to a Department of Parks truck which used its headlights to illuminate the rink. Inside the new City Hall, the emergency power was switched on, but not before Mayor Phil Givens\u2019 wife was temporarily trapped in an elevator for several minutes.<\/p>\n

Mrs. Givens had a short wait compared to Bathurst Street resident Evelyn Solomons, who was trapped with her two-year old daughter Wendy while riding an elevator up to her second-floor apartment. \u201cMy first reaction was one of horror because I didn\u2019t know what happened,\u201d Solomons told the Star<\/em>. \u201cThen I heard voices saying there had been a power cut.\u201d Her neighbours attempted to open the doors with crowbars before calling the fire department, which arrived just as power returned. When the two-hour ordeal was over, she vowed it would be a long time before her next elevator ride.<\/p>\n

Non-functioning electrical doors and equipment were an issue in various places. Supermarket shoppers who waited in line to have their purchases checked by flashlight and rung up by hand were stuck in stores when the automated doors wouldn\u2019t budge. A stranded Ontario Hydro official who asked his wife to pick him up waited over an hour because she had to wait for someone to manually open the garage door of their apartment building. At the Don Jail, electrically operated locks clamped shut for half-an-hour before emergency power kicked in.<\/p>\n

Despite the blackout, most large social functions carried on. As the Telegram noted, \u201cno one seemed to care if the female guests turned up with smeared lipstick or the men wore mismatched socks.\u201d Actors rehearsing a play at the Poor Alex Theatre tossed aside scripts they couldn\u2019t read and improvised their lines, which they felt improved their performance. Restaurants with gas stoves continued to serve customers, with some take-out counters reporting a 40 per cent increase over usual Tuesday night sales due to people who couldn\u2019t cook at home. For families who could, there was the option of pulling their barbecues out of storage, allowing kids to enjoy a late-season grilled hot dog. Boiling frankfurters or other edibles over a fire wasn\u2019t an option for some homeowners, especially in Scarborough and North York, as the outage knocked out water pumping stations, leaving residents in areas where pumps lacked backup power with little-to-no water pressure.<\/p>\n

Finding the latest updates about the blackout was a tricky matter. In his review of local radio coverage, Telegram<\/em> entertainment editor Jeremy Brown found CFRB was the best source of information, as the station \u201canswered every question that came to my mind, in a relatively dispassionate, full, responsible manner. CFRB\u2019s backup power kicked in with barely a disruption to its signal, and its traffic reporter Eddie Luther quickly surmised from his helicopter that the power outrage wasn\u2019t an isolated incident. Telegram<\/em> television columnist Bob Blackburn found coverage from the United States<\/a> was stronger than that found on local stations\u2014CBC ran a pair of bulletins, while CFTO preferred to scroll information across the bottom of the screen than interrupt regular programming.<\/p>\n

\"Front<\/a>
Front page of the November 10, 1965 edition of the Telegram<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In the days that followed the blackout, government officials on both sides of the border wanted to determine who to pin the blame on. Ontario Hydro found their American counterparts tight-lipped about their initial investigations, which led to Ontario Premier John Robarts musing about cutting ties to the American power grid if remaining connected would lead to future problems. Robarts might have wished he had kept his mouth shut when Ontario Hydro admitted during a November 15, 1965 press conference that, ironically, measures it had installed to prevent a mass blackout had initiated the outage. On the bright side, Ontario Hydro chairman W. Ross Strike noted that the incident was a blessing in disguise\u2014\u201cWe\u2019ve been alerted that further study is needed so that maximum safety can be developed.\u201d While preventative measures were put in place to prevent another blackout on the same scale, we know based on what happened in the summer of 2003 that they haven\u2019t always worked.<\/p>\n

Sources: the November 10, 1965, November 11, 1965, November 13, 1965, and November 16, 1965 editions of the <\/em>Globe and Mail; the November 10, 1965 and November 16, 1965 editions of the <\/em>Toronto Star; and the November 10, 1965 edition of the <\/em>Telegram.<\/p>\n

Top photo: <\/em>The Telegram, November 10, 1965<\/em><\/p>\n

Historian Jamie Bradburn<\/a> will be sharing a selection of his columns from the now-defunct<\/em> Torontoist publication. You can subscribe to his substack newsletter at jamiebradburn.substack.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

August 14 marks the 20th anniversary of the Northeast Blackout of 2003, which is estimated to have affected over 50 million people in Ontario and eight American states. It remains the largest power outage in North American history. While electricity was restored to many areas within hours, parts of Toronto waited several days for theContinue reading “In the Dark: Toronto and the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4061,"featured_media":67481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_ef_editorial_meta_paragraph_assignment":"","_ef_editorial_meta_date_first-draft-date":"","_ef_editorial_meta_checkbox_needs-photo":"","_ef_editorial_meta_number_word-count":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn the Dark: Toronto and the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965 - Spacing Toronto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacing.ca\/toronto\/2023\/08\/14\/in-the-dark-toronto-and-the-great-northeast-blackout-of-1965\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In the Dark: Toronto and the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965 - Spacing Toronto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"August 14 marks the 20th anniversary of the Northeast Blackout of 2003, which is estimated to have affected over 50 million people in Ontario and eight American states. 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